A congruence rule format for name-passing process calculi

We introduce a GSOS-like rule format for name-passing process calculi. Specifications in this format correspond to theories in nominal logic. The intended models of such specifications arise by initiality from a general categorical model theory. For operational semantics given in this rule format, a natural behavioural equivalence—a form of open bisimilarity—is a congruence.     

Aquatic suction feeding dynamics: insights from computational modelling

Aquatic suction feeding in vertebrates involves extremely unsteady flow, externally as well as internally of the expanding mouth cavity. Consequently, studying the hydrodynamics involved in this process is a challenging research area, where experimental studies and mathematical models gradually aid our understanding of how suction feeding works mechanically. Especially for flow patterns inside the mouth cavity, our current knowledge is almost entirely based on modelling studies. In the present paper, we critically discuss some of the assumptions and limitations of previous analytical models of suction feeding using computational fluid dynamics.     

半开放式的负体积设计

当你在网络上搜索“负体积”这个词条的时候也许会出现这样的说法：“负体积是由于元素本身产生很大的变形而造成自我体积的内面跑到外面，或是外面跑到内面。”如何在负体积的承载方式上建立不一样的生活姿态，这是h2o的建筑师要告诉我们的。     

Marine n-3 fatty acids: Basic features and background

There is some evidence from epidemiology that intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from seafood may protect against coronary artery disease (CAD). This hypothesis is further supported from animal data showing a beneficial effect of n-3 PUFA on thrombosis and atherosclerosis in animals fed fish oils in most, but not all, studies. There are several mechanisms by which an increased intake of marine n-3 PUFA may protect against CAD; the most universal finding is a reduction of plasma triglycerides. It is puzzling, however, that a very low amount of n-3 PUFA, with no known beneficial biochemical effects, seems to be cardioprotective. It has therefore been of paramount interest to perform clinical trials. Such evidence and trials are discussed in later chapters, and the results have been very encouraging.     

Isoflavone Profiles and Kinetic Changes during Ultra‐High Temperature Processing of Soymilk

Isoflavone profile is greatly affected by heating process. However, kinetic analyses of isoflavone conversion and degradation using a continuous industry processing method have never been characterized. In this study, Proto soybean was soaked and blanched at 80 °C for 2 min and then processed into soymilk, which underwent UHT (ultra‐high temperature) at 135 to 150 °C for 10 to 50 s with a pilot plant‐scale Microthermics processor. The isoflavone profile was determined at different time/temperature combinations. The results showed that all isoflavone forms exhibited distinct changing patterns over time. In the soymilk under UHT conditions, the degradation (disappearance) of malonyldaizin and malonylgenistin exhibited first‐order kinetics with activation energies of 59 and 84 kj/mole, respectively. At all UHT temperatures, malonylgenistin showed higher rate constants than malonyldaidzin. However, malonylglycitin changed irregularly under these UHT temperatures. The increase of genistin, daidzin, glycitein and acetlydaidzin during heating demonstrated zero‐order kinetics and the rate constants increased with temperature except for the conditions of 145 to 150 °C for 50 s. Overall, genistein series exhibited higher stability than daidzein series. Under all UHT conditions, total isoflavone decreased from 12% to 24%.     

Different shape of GaAs quantum structures under various growth conditions

We report the influences of growth parameters on the characteristics of GaAs quantum rings (QRs) and quantum dots (QDs) formed on AlGaAs/GaAs by the droplet epitaxy (DE) method. After forming Ga droplets on the AlGaAs/GaAs surface, varying amounts of arsenic (As) flux were introduced to fabricate the GaAs quantum structures. By decreasing the As flux from 8 × 10^− 5 to 3 × 10^− 5 Torr, the shape of the GaAs quantum structures was changed from QDs to elongated QRs. With further decreasing As flux, the shape of the elongated QRs became symmetric. The formation characteristics of the GaAs QRs from the QDs with the amount of As flux were discussed in terms of migration behaviors of the gallium (Ga) atoms on the GaAs(001)-c(4 × 4) surface. The effects of the amount of Ga supply and the growth temperature for the deposition of Ga droplets on the formation of the GaAs quantum structures were also considered.     

Photoluminescence and dielectric properties of Eu<Superscript>3+</Superscript> substituted microwave ceramics

Ln_0.9Eu_0.1TiNbO₆ (Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm, Dy and Y) ceramics have been prepared through the solid state ceramic route. The samples are calcined at about 1,250 °C and sintered between 1,370 and 1,425 °C for 4 hours. Structure of the samples is analyzed using X-ray diffraction method. Pr, Nd, Sm and Y based compounds form solid solutions while Dy based compound is a composite. The microstructure is analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy. All the compositions have strong photoluminescence in the visible region. The dielectric constant (ε _r ), the unloaded quality factor (Q _u ) and the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ _f ) are measured in the microwave frequency region. The samples have relatively high ε _r , high Q _u  × f and good thermal stability. Hence these materials are suitable for optoelectronic and dielectric resonator applications.     

Synthesis,structural analysis and microwave dielectric properties of Bi<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Ln<Subscript>1−<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>TiTaO<Subscript>6</Subscript> (Ln = Ce,Pr and Nd) Ceramics

Bi substituted LnTiTaO₆ (Ln = Ce, Pr and Nd) ceramics are prepared using the conventional solid state ceramic route. The materials are calcined at 1,150°C and sintered at 1,375°C. The structure is analysed using X-ray diffraction technique and the microstructure using scanning electron microscopy. The microwave dielectric properties of the samples are measured using the cavity resonator method. Substitution of Bi increases the dielectric constant and improves the thermal stability. A number of samples with improved quality factor are obtained and can be used in practical microwave circuits.